B&W Formation Duo的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列懶人包和總整理

Reproductive Biology of Invertebrates: Asexual Propagation and Reproductive Strategies, Part B

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為了解決B&W Formation Duo的問題，作者Adiyodi, K. G. (EDT)/ Adiyodi, Rita G. (EDT) 這樣論述：

About 95 per cent of all known animal species are invertebrates. A knowledge of their sexual, reproductive, and developmental biology is essential for the effective management of species that are economically useful to man or are harmful to him, his crops, and livestock. This treatise is the first t

o cover all aspects of reproduction and development of the entire spectrum of invertebrates -- terrestrial, marine, freshwater, brackish-water, free-living, and parasitic. The chapters, by leading world experts in their fields, are up-to-date and informative, and suggest a number of problems for fut

ure research. Asexual Propagation and Reproductive Strategies, issued in two parts, is the sixth volume in the series. Part A: Porifera through Mollusca Contents Series Preface; Preface to Volume VI; Systematic Resume of the Invertebrates; Porifera, Paul E. Fell; Cnidaria, Stanley Shostak; Platyhelm

inthes-Turbellaria, Mario Benazzi and Giuseppina Benazzi Lentati; Platyhelminthes-Trematoda, Roy M. Anderson; Platyhelminthes-Eucestoda, Larry S. Roberts and C. R. Kennedy; Mesozoa, Bayard H. McConnaughey; Rotifera, John J. Gilbert; Gastrotricha, M. R. Hummon and W. D. Hummon; Acanthocephala, C. R.

Kennedy; Sipuncula, Mary E. Rice and John F. Pilger, Mollusca, N. W. Runham; Species Index; Subject Index. Part B: Annelida-Clitellata through Cephalochordata Contents Series Preface; Preface to Volume VI; Systematic Resume of the Invertebrates; Annelida-Clitellata, B. Christensen; Tardigrada, Rober

to Bertolani; Arthropoda-Crustacea, T. J. Pandian; Arthropoda-lnsecta, J. Muthukrishnan; Pentastomida, J. Riley; Bryozoa Entoprocta, C. Nielsen; Brachiopoda, S. H. Chuang; Chaetognatha, A. Alvari?o; Echinodermata: Asexual Propagation, Philip V. Mladenov and R. D. Burke; Hemichordata, J. A. Petersen;

Cephalochordata, Jaypaul Azariah; Species Index; Subject Index. About the Editors Dr. K. G. Adiyodi is Professor of Reproductive Physiology and Dean, Faculty of Science. Calicut University, Kerala, India. He is Founder-Secretary of the International Society of Invertebrate Reproduction, Founder-E

ditor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, and Founder-President of the Indian Society of Invertebrate Reproduction. Popularisation of science and technology among the masses and their application for rural development has been a passion for him: he is

the Founder-Secretary of and the prime moving spirit behind the formation of the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad in 1962. The organisation is now the largest and the most popular mass science movement in India and has won several national and international awards for its activities and achievements.

Since 1986, Prof. Adiyodi is heading the Desiya Sastra Vedi (National Science Forum), a think-tank, apolitical in character, closely monitoring and critically evaluating state policies and programmes in science and technology. Dr. Rita G. Adiyodi, formerly Rhodes Visiting Fellow, Somerville College,

Oxford (1976-78), is Professor of Zoology at Calicut University. She served as President of the Crustacean Reprobiology and Aquaculture Bureau of India and as Vice-President of the Indian Society of Invertebrate Reproduction. Dr. Rita Adiyodi represented India on the International Committee of Comp

arative Endocrinology. Both editors have been working extensively on reproduction and growth biology of arthropods for nearly three decades. They have written and edited several books and published about one hundred and eighty research papers and advanced reviews.

B&W Formation Duo進入發燒排行的影片

評估硫色絢孔菌發酵麩皮做為肉雞飼糧機能性添加物之可行性

為了解決B&W Formation Duo的問題，作者林威志 這樣論述：

硫磺菌屬真菌 (Laetiporus sp.) 為傳統常作為藥方之藥用真菌。本研究針對以硫磺菌發酵降解農業加工副產物麩皮(WB)生產具生物活性之發酵飼料於肉雞飼糧之應用。研究分為四部分，第一部分主要探討發酵麩皮製程之最佳條件，包含菌種、水分、基質以及發酵時間。結果顯示以含有60%水分之麩皮作為發酵基質並應用硫色絢孔菌(L. sulphureus)進行為時12天之固態發酵，其具有最佳之酵素分泌活性及有效成分含量，並於後續試驗使用此發酵物作更進階之探討。第二部分旨在探討L. sulphureus發酵物(LS)乙醇萃取物(LSE)於體外試驗之抗氧化及免疫調節特性。有效成分檢測中顯示LS含有之總酚類

化合物、粗三萜類化合物、粗多醣、以及麥角固醇含量分別為7.19 ± 0.66 GAE/g DM, 2.71 ± 0.03 UAE/g DM, 12.93 ± 0.88, GCE/g DM, 2.71 ± 0.03 UAE/g DM, 及96.44 ± 0.2 mg/g DM。此外，10 mg/mL LSE所具有之DPPH自由基清除力以及還原力分別相當於2.5 mg/mL 抗壞血酸之52.5%以及57.08%。雞隻血液週邊單核球細胞(chPBMCs)測試中顯示，LSE濃度介於0.05-1 mg/mL間，不具細胞毒性，且可改善受LPS所抑制之細胞存活率。DNA彗星試驗顯示，於0.5 mg/mL及1

mg/mL LSE中預培養之chPBMC受到AAPH影響之DNA損傷程度顯著下降，同時可顯著降低在chPBMC中受LPS刺激所提高之一氧化氮產量以及NFB, TLR4, iNOS, 與IL-1mRNA表現量，此部分結果顯示LSE可降低受LPS誘發之發炎反應及AAPH誘發之DNA損傷，且與TLR4與NFkB路徑相關。第三部分探討LS部分取代肉雞飼糧對於肉雞體內抗氧化、免疫以及腸道緊密連結性狀之影響。試驗採用400隻1日齡公白肉雞(Ross 308)，分為為玉米-大豆粕飼糧組(基礎飼糧，對照組)、基礎飼糧中分別取代5% WB, 10% WB, 5% LS 與10% LS等處理組。每組四重複

，每重複20隻雞，試驗期為35日。試驗結果顯示5% LS於22-35 d具有顯著較高之體重。在全期(1-35 d)以及22-35 d則可觀察到LS處理組具有較佳之飼料效率。LS處理組於35日齡相較於其他組別具有顯著較低之迴腸大腸桿菌群數與顯著較高之血清免疫球蛋白IgA濃度，同時LS處理組迴腸之sIgA濃度也顯著較其他組別為高。在血清促發炎激素濃度方面，同樣於35日齡LS處理組之血清TNF-與IL-6濃度顯著較10% WB組為低，惟5% LS組相較於WB組及對照組皆具有顯著較低之TNF- 與 IL-1濃度。35日齡肉雞血清抗氧化性狀結果顯示，LS處理組相較於對照組與10% WB組皆具有顯著

提升之SOD活性以及顯著較低之MDA濃度。此外進一步探討LS對於35日齡肉雞抗氧化、免疫及腸道緊密連結蛋白基因之影響，免疫相關基因結果顯示，餵飼5% LS之雞隻相較於WB組與對照組具有較低之肝臟及空腸IL-1與NF-B mRNA表現量。抗氧化相關基因於5% LS 組相較於其他組具有顯著最佳肝臟及空腸Nrf2, HO-1與 SOD mRNA 表現量。而5%與10% LS處理組於提升空腸GPx mRNA表現量則顯著高於其他組。另外，WB對空腸及迴腸緊密連結蛋白mRNA 不具顯著影響，而5% LS相較於其他組別具顯著較高之ZO-1, CLDN2, MUC1, 與OCLN mRNA表現量。此外，

5% LS組迴腸MUC1表現量顯著高於其他組，而5% LS 與10% LS組則相較於其他組具顯著較高之OCLN表現量。第四部分研究以迴腸及盲腸內容物進行LS對於腸道菌群以及食糜性狀之影響。微生物總基因體定序結果顯示，均值差異比較中，於迴腸中5% LS組相較於對照組具有高於40%之乳酸菌科。前10大OTUs之堆列圖顯示於科的分類中5% LS與5% WB相較於對照組改變了菌群的組成，且皆增加了乳酸菌科之組成，然而5% WB組具有較低之菌種歧異度，此現象亦可由alpha diversity test中得知。於盲腸之均值差異比較顯示5% LS組約分別具有高於5% 及3% 之韋榮氏球菌科以及乳酸菌科，而

前10大OTUs之堆列圖顯示所有組間之菌群組成差異不明顯。LS組之迴腸與盲腸內容物總揮發性脂肪酸較對照組稍高但未達顯著，而pH值與氨態氮則顯著較對照組為低，同時乳酸濃度則顯著較對照組高。綜上所述，應用L. sulphureus發酵麩皮所生產之LS部份取代肉雞飼糧可改變其腸道菌相之組成、改善抗氧化及免疫性狀與促進腸道屏障健康，並具促進生長之潛力，期可應用此發酵製程作為加值化富含木質纖維素農業加工副產物之方式。