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環境酸鹼值對於阿拉伯界缺鐵反應的協調

為了解決Alkaline alcaline的問題，作者高千譚 這樣論述：

Soil pH plays an important role in determining the availability of nutrients for plants. One of the essential micronutrients, iron (Fe), governs the composition of natural plant communities and limits crop yield in agricultural ecosystems due to its extremely low availability in most soils, particu

larly at alkaline pH. The ability to mobilize sparingly soluble Fe is a determining factor for tolerance to calcareous soil. To extract sufficient Fe from the soil under such conditions, some plants, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), secrete Fe-mobilizing compounds, which mobilize Fe hyd

roxides by reduction and chelation. However, limited information is available regarding the regulation of pH-mediated response of Fe-responsive genes and the regulation of coumarin biosynthesis. By studying the ectocipally expressed IRONMAN peptides IMA1 and IMA2, I investigated their role in improv

ing plant growth on calcareous soil by inducing the biosynthesis and secretion of the catecholic coumarin fraxetin (7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin). This is achieved via increased expression of MYB72 and SCOPOLETIN 8-HYDROXYLASE (S8H), a response that is strictly dependent on elevated environmental

pH (pHe). The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP82C4, which is downregulated at elevated pH, was identified as a possible switch of the endproducts of the coumarin biosynthetic pathway. Luciferase reporter assays in transiently transformed protoplasts showed that IMA1/IMA2 peptides are translated to modula

te the expression of CYP82C4 and MYB72, representative components of the acidic and circumneutral responses, respectively. Further, the C-terminus of IMA peptides was found to be essential for enhanced coumarin production and secretion. I concluded that IMA peptides regulate processes supporting Fe

uptake at both acidic and elevated pH by controlling gene expression upstream of or in concert with a putative pHe signal, adapting the plant to prevailing edaphic conditions. Altering the expression of IMA peptides provides a route for generating plants adapted to calcareous soils.

Timing and petrogenesis of collisional and post-collisional rocks of Guéra Massif, Republic of Chad

為了解決Alkaline alcaline的問題，作者范氏玉河 這樣論述：

The poorly-studied Saharan Metacraton of North-Central Africa is located between the Arabian-Nubian Shield in the east, the Tuareg Shield in the west and the Central African Orogenic Belt in the south. The Republic of Chad, constrained within the Saharan Metacraton, comprises a Phanerozoic cover ov

erlying Precambrian basement outcroppings in five distinct massifs: The Mayo Kebbi, Tibesti, Ouaddaï, Yadé and the Guéra. The Guéra Massif is the least studied of the five massifs but it likely preserves structures that were formed during the collision between Congo Craton and Saharan Metacraton. It

is composed of diverse igneous rock types including granites, rhyolites, and gabbros. The first zircon U/Pb geochronology of the silicic rocks from the Guéra Massif yielded three main age groups: ~590 Ma, ~570 Ma, ~560 Ma, while a single gabbro yielded an age of ~580 Ma.The ~590 Ma granites are met

aluminous to peraluminous, alkali calcic to calc-alkalic and magnesian in composition. They are similar to granitic rocks typical of cordilleran or volcanic-arc settings (collisional rocks). The younger (≤ 570 Ma) granites and rhyolite are peraluminous to metaluminous, alkali calcic to calc-alkalic

but ferroan and are similar in compositions to post-collisional granites (high K, calc-alkaline). Both magnesian and ferroan rocks show the enrichment in LREE with distinct negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.04-0.88). The negative εNd(t) isotopes (εNd(t) = -14.5 to -0.2), variable ISr values (0.7037-

0.7176), low TZr (~700oC) and abundant inherited zircons indicate the granitic rocks are derived primarily from crustal sources.The ~580 Ma gabbro has a similar age and composition as a mafic, within-plate alkaline complex in West-Cameroon and matches the age of inherited zircons from different rock

types around Lake Chad and Lake Fitri suggesting that there was a regional magmatic event at that time despite the dearth of rocks. The major and trace element geochemistry of the gabbro is similar to alkaline within-plate basalt suggesting that it was derived from a garnet-bearing mantle source. T

he enriched Sr-Nd isotopes (ISr = 0.7056, εNd(t) = -4.6) with the lack of crustal contamination indicates that it may originate from an enriched mantle (EMII) reservoir.The geochronology and geochemical data indicate that there is a temporal evolution in the composition of rocks with the old, high ε

Nd(t), magnesian collisional granites shifting to young, low εNd(t), ferroan post-collisional granites. The results suggest that the granites in the Guéra Massif were probably derived by the repeated melting of a single crustal source region, from an initially ‘fertile’ source to a ‘less fertile’ so

urce at distinct intervals. The enriched isotopic composition of the Guéra Massif granites contrasts with the depleted compositions of the associated Neoproterozoic granites in southern Chad (Mayo Kebbi Massif, Lake Fitri inliers) indicates a thicker crustal root may exist under the Guéra Massif. Th

e emplacement of different rock types in the Guéra Massif marks the tectonic regime transition from subduction and collision to post-collision within a span of ~40 million years.