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芒果採收後熱處理和果皮粉末對果實炭疽病之影響

為了解決Potato Dextrose Brot的問題，作者武氏幸丹 這樣論述：

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a popular and important fruit in the world with a huge production and consumption due to its attractive eating quality and nutritional composition. Mango could be used as fresh fruit or by-products such as juice, jelly, dried fruit, and candy. However, mango is a peri

shable fruit, which ripes quickly after harvest and face with many kinds of plant pathogen. Among pathogen factors, Anthracnose is a major disease that causes damage on leaves, branch, flower, and fruit especially under high temperature and high humidity conditions.Heat treatment is an effective, ec

onomical and safe approach to control anthracnose in mango fruit. In this study, the efffect of Hot Water Brushing (HWB) on mango anthracnose was evaluated on 4 varieties of mango including ‘Local’, ‘Irwin’, ‘Jinhuang’, and ‘Taichung No.1’. Moreover, the effectiveness of anthracnose control was comp

ared between Hot Water Brushing and Vapour Heat Treatment (VHT). In addition, the effect of mango peel powder on mycelial growth of Colletotrichum sp. was also investigated in this study.Our results showed that each cultivar had diferrent optimal period of time for HWB treatment at 55oC, which were

12 min, 15 min, 10 min, and 10 min for ‘Local’, ‘Irwin’, ‘Jinhuang’, and ‘Taichung No.1’, respectively. In general, application of HWB could reduce the disease infection considerably in compariron with untreated fruit. HWB delayed the ripening process on ‘Irwin’ cultivar that leads to preserve the f

ruit weightloss, firmness, and titratable acidicity. However, on ‘Jinhuang’ and ‘Taichung No.1’, HWB increased the weight loss of mango fruit during storage time. HWB did not have negative effect on ‘Local’ variety. In addition, HWB reduced the ethylene production as well as respiration rate on ‘Irw

in’ cultival when the fruit was treated at 55oC for 15 min. These results suggested that HWB delays ripening process and increases disease resistance in mango fruit. When treated with VHT at 48oC, the disease infection of ‘Irwin’ cultivar was reduced. VHT did not have negative effects on fruit quali

ty, however, fruit treated with VHT had some change in its peel color. In comparison with VHT, HWB was more effective in terms of disease resistance and quality preservation. The application of mango peel powder into Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) resulted in significant inhibition the mycelial growth o

f Colletotrichum sp. after innoculation. The inhibition increased when the concentration of mango peel powder raised. However, further study to investigate the active component of mango peel powder and its application is needed.In conclusion, this study evaluated the effect of HWB and VHT on anthrac

nose disease control and fruit quality of various mango cultivars which may be used to reduce the disease damage and preserve the fruit quality in trading. In addition, mango peel powder had inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum sp. which may explain the less severe of disease i

nfection in immature fruits and may be applied to develop a new approach to control anthracnose disease in mango fruits.

五種精油與其主要成分對菜豆立枯病原菌（立枯絲核菌與茄鐮孢菌）的防治效果

為了解決Potato Dextrose Brot的問題，作者桑碧塔 這樣論述：

立枯絲核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）與茄鐮孢菌（Fusarium solani）為常見的病原菌，它們能造成立枯病的發生並嚴重減少作物的產量。研究指出，許多植物的所含成分能減少立枯病的發生與其嚴重性。本研究測試植物精油（肉桂、丁香、檸檬草、山胡椒、澳洲尤加利）與其主要成分在試管內與活體實驗中，對這兩種病原菌的抗真菌作用，以期能制定出對非目標生物毒性較小、殘留量較少的病原菌防治對策。在試管內實驗中，PDA培養基和四種濃度精油（50、100、200或400 µg/mL）混合，以觀察其抗真菌活性。結果顯示，肉桂精油的抗真菌效果最佳，在100 µg/mL與400 µg/mL的濃度下能對病

原菌的生長造成100% 抑制效果。其次為檸檬草精油可抑制立枯絲核菌，丁香精油能抑制茄鐮孢菌。澳洲尤加利精油則無法有效抑制立枯絲核菌和茄鐮孢菌。氣相層析質譜儀分析結果顯示，肉桂精油含有74.04%桂皮醛、丁香精油含84.56%丁香油酚、檸檬草精油含36.72%香葉醛與28.81%橙花醛。這些主成分可能與精油對病原菌的高抑制效果有關。在試管內實驗中，50 µg/mL桂皮醛能有效抑制立枯絲核菌與茄鐮孢菌的菌絲生長。在溫室環境下，對菜豆種子分別施以0.1%或1%的肉桂、丁香、檸檬草精油或其主要成分，並對受2%立枯絲核菌感染之土壤施以2%精油或其主成分。無菌基質被2%（w/w）的立枯絲核菌接種原感染。結

果顯示，0.1%與1%的肉桂精油能有效防止菜豆種子被病原菌感染，而種子萌芽後的疾病發生率分別為24%和46%，疾病嚴重程度為24%和38%，存活率為40%和60%。肉桂精油對土壤的抑菌效果比對種子更佳，它能降低疾病發生率與嚴重程度，並能提升菜豆的農藝性狀本。研究結果證實，肉桂、檸檬草與丁香精油和其主成分皆能對立枯絲核菌與茄鐮孢菌展現出良好的抗真菌活性，然而僅有肉桂精油能在土壤環境中產生抑菌效果。由此可知，肉桂精油具有防治植物立枯病的潛力，並能取代化學農藥，避免對人體健康與自然環境造成危害。