Define collaboration的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列懶人包和總整理

Supplement to the Akkadian Dictionaries: Vol. 3: G, K, Q. with the Collaboration of Bert Kouwenberg, Nadezda Rudik and Jonas Klo

為了解決Define collaboration的問題，作者Streck, Michael P.,Wende, Janine 這樣論述：

The Akkadian (Babylonian-Assyrian) lexicon is currently accessible via two reference dictionaries, Wofram von Soden’s Akkadisches Handworterbuch (1958-1981) and The Assyrian Dictionary of the University of Chicago (1956-2010). However, due to a large number of new cuneiform texts published during th

e last decades, both dictionaries are outdated in part, especially in their earlier volumes. The Supplement to the Akkadian Dictionaries (SAD), funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, is meant to update both dictionaries. Without any claim to be comprehensive, SAD evaluates a strictly defined

text corpus and a limited amount of secondary literature. SAD pays particular attention to new words, new verbal stems, and references which expand the distribution of a word or help to define its meaning, form or etymology. SAD volume G, K, Q contains ca. 1000 lemmata, among them almost 200 new wo

rds.

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甚麽是親中？中國－馬來西亞關係近況發展的6M分析（2013年－2018年）

為了解決Define collaboration的問題，作者黃以樂 這樣論述：

2013年至2018年之間，中國與馬來西亞之關係可謂是達到了新高點。在此期間，中馬兩國在許多面向展開合作關係，包括軍事、經貿、教育及文化等等。雙方的合作關係甚至成為了馬來西亞2018年全國選舉的重點議題之一，當時執政者以首相納吉．拉薩（Najib Razak）為首，其發起或支持的許多中馬合作工程案備受質疑，被批評是「親中」的表現。其中一個大力批評納吉親中的群體為希望聯盟（Pakatan Harapan），而他們於2018年全國選舉中的勝利無意間也被刻畫成「反中派」的勝利。整起事件的過程中，「親中」的使用似乎是貶義用途。2019年「反對逃犯條例修訂草案運動」開始時，馬來西亞普遍華裔也高度關注此

事，而「親中」與「反中」逐漸成為了嘲諷意味極重的政治標籤。馬來西亞在2013年至2018年之間與中國的互動關係似乎也被貼上了一樣的標籤。甚麼是親中？本研究認為目前「親中」作為形容詞的用法帶有犧牲自主權，並妥協自身立場的含意。中馬關係中是否真的有如此現象？現今有關兩國互動關係的理論架構，主要以「遠近」為衡量單位，或是以國對國之反應來判斷其關係之本質，如：新現實主義中的「抗衡」（Balancing）、「扈從」（Bandwagoning）或「避險」（Hedging）。然而，由此角度並未能充分解釋「親中」，因為這些理論主要以國家行為者（state as actor）為衡量基準，缺乏了深入到社會層級互動

之考量。國家行為者制定決策的考量主要以可衡量之客觀元素，如：國家之硬實力（Hard power），但「親中」的表現似乎有意忽略此元素，以「偏好」（preference）作為制定決策之基本考量，社會行動者（societal actor）也因此是探討「親中」之定義重要的研究對象。本研究嘗試以Andrew Moravscik所提出的自由主義理論架構，結合Chia-Chien Chang及Alan H. Yang所提出的6M分析法，對中馬在2013年至2018年之間的互動過程進行分析，並以此探討「親中」之定義。馬國社會中第二大族群就是具有「中華情結」之華裔群體，馬國的「親中」表現極有可能由此開始。但本

研究發現馬國「親中」的表現除了源自於華裔社會行動者，也可能從處在執政層級之巫裔社會行動者。本研究以6M分析法歸納出2013年至2018年之間重要的「親中」事件，並總結出兩大「親中化」過程，即「由上至下」（國家行為者至社會行動者）以及「由下至上」（社會行動者至國家行為者）。

Black Panther

為了解決Define collaboration的問題，作者McGregor, Don,Buckler, Rich,Graham, Billy 這樣論述：

A regular contributor to Marvel’s letter columns as a teen, Don McGregor broke into comics writing short stories for Warren’s Publishing black-and-white magazines Creepy, Eerie, and Vampirella. Making the jump to Mar­vel Comics as a writer-editor in the mid-1970s, he combined a penchant for densely

descriptive prose captions and character- riven narrative with the excitement of super hero drama on the first solo series devoted to the ad­ventures of the Black Panther. His groundbreaking run brought a new so­cial relevance to the series, and McGregor’s vision of T’Challa, his people, and the nat

ion of Wakanda remains influential to this day. Concurrent with his work on the Panther, McGregor collaborated with artist P. Craig Russell on Killraven in Amazing Adventures a science-fiction romance about an earthbound hero’s struggles against Martian invaders. In this series, too, McGregor pushed

back against the presumptions of racism: Killraven featured mainstream comics’ first interracial kiss. His later works include the graphic novel and subsequent series Sabre (with artist Paul Gulacy) and Detectives Inc. (with Marshall Rogers and Gene Colan), both published by Eclipse, and a pair of

well- received noir detective miniseries, Nathaniel Dusk (also illustrated by Colan) for DC comics. The 1980s would also see McGregor return to Killraven and Black Panther; the former in a lushly illustrated graphic novel with P. Craig Russell, the latter following up storylines from Jungle Action i

n the Marvel Comics Presents anthology and a four-issue miniseries, Black Panther: Panther’s Prey. McGregor has also written the syndicated Zorro newspaper strip, and published the prose fictions Dragonflame & Other Bedtime Nightmares and The Variable Syndrome, among other works. Rich Buckler (1949-

2017) was a versatile artist who drew hundreds of pages for Marvel, DC, Archie, Warren, and others, during his long ca­reer. Among his most notable work for Marvel: In the 1970s he helped introduce Deathlok in the pages of Astonishing Tales; penciled several storylines in Peter Parker, the Spectacul

ar Spider-Man; and enjoyed runs on Fantastic Four, Thor, and other monthly titles, including the first solo series featuring the Black Panther. Buckler’s DC work includes Lois Lane, The Secret Society of Super-Villains, and World’s Finest, as well as the groundbreaking Superman vs. Shazam. Buckler w

as also editor of the short-lived Solson Publications and wrote two books on comic book art. Billy Graham (or the ＂Irreverent Billy Graham,＂ as he was known around the Marvel Bullpen, a play on the name of the popular evangelist) was one of the industry’s brightest young talents in the 1970s. He hon

ed a style born out of his love of fantasy stylists such as Frank Frazetta and Al Williamson and his adoration of comic art legend Jack Kirby. Like many young artists from the 1970s, Billy got his start on Warren’s line of black-and-white horror mags Creepy, Eerie, and Vampirella. Impressed by Graha

m’s all- round talent as an artist and storyteller, publisher James Warren made Graham art director for the Warren line, a position he held until he jumped over to Marvel Comics. The first book handed to him was Hero for Hire; he penciled, co-plotted, and/ or inked the first sixteen issues of Luke C

age’s title, Marvel’s first ongoing series following the solo adventures of a Black character. Joining Don McGregor on the Black Pan­ther in Jungle Action for his next assignment, Graham--the first Black creator to work on the character--would help to define the Wakandan warrior king for a generatio

n of readers. Graham later reunited with McGregor for the writer’s Eclipse series, Sabre, in the mid- 980s. His final comics work appeared in 1985’s Power Man and Iron Fist #114. Graham was also a playwright, theatrical set designer, stage and film actor, and commercial artist. He passed away in 199

7 at the age of sixty-one. Writer-editor Stan Lee (1922-2018) and artist Jack Kirby made comic book history in 1961 with The Fantastic Four #1. The success of its new style inspired Lee and his many collaborators to develop a number of super heroes, including, with Jack Kirby, the Incredible Hulk an

d the X-Men; with Steve Ditko, the Amazing Spider-Man and Doctor Strange; and with Bill Everett, Daredevil. Lee oversaw the adventures of these cre­ations for more than a decade before handing over the editorial reins at Marvel to others and focusing on developing Marvel’s properties in other media.

For the remainder of his long life, he continued to serve as a cre­ative figurehead at Marvel and as an ambassador for the comics medium as a whole. In his final years, Lee’s signature cameo appearances in Mar­vel’s films established him as one of the world’s most famous faces. Born Jacob Kurtzberg

in 1917 to Jewish-Austrian parents on New York’s Lower East Side, Jack Kirby came of age at the birth of the American comic book industry. Horrified by the rise of Nazism, Kirby co-created the patriotic hero Captain America with Joe Simon in 1940. Cap’s ex­ploits on the comic book page entertained

millions of American readers at home and inspired US troops fighting the enemy abroad. Kirby’s partner­ship with Simon continued throughout the 1940s and early ’50s; together, they produced comics in every popular genre, from Western to romance. In 1958, Kirby began his equally fruitful collaboratio

n with writer-editor Stan Lee, and in 1961 the two men co-created the foundational text of the modern Marvel Universe: The Fantastic Four. Over the next decade, Kirby and Lee would introduce a mind-boggling array of new characters-- including the Avengers, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, the Silver Surfer

, and the X-Men. Kirby’s groundbreaking work with Lee formed the foundation of the Marvel Universe. In the early 1970s, Kirby moved to DC Comics, where he created his interconnected Fourth World series, as well as freestanding titles such as The Demon. He returned to Marvel in 1975, writing and illu

s­trating The Black Panther and Captain America and introducing series such as Devil Dinosaur and the Eternals. Kirby died in 1994. Today, he is gener­ally regarded as one of the most important and influential creators in the history of American comics. His work has inspired multiple generations of

writers, artists, designers, and filmmakers, who continue to explore his vast universe of concepts and characters. He was an inaugural inductee into the Eisner Hall of Fame in 1987. Nnedi Okorafor is a Nigerian American author of African-based sci­ence fiction, fantasy, and magical realism for child

ren and adults. Her works include Who Fears Death (currently in development at HBO into a TV series), the Binti novella trilogy, The Book of Phoenix, the Akata books, and Lagoon. She is the winner of Hugo, Nebula, World Fantasy, Locus, and Lodestar Awards, an Eisner Award nominee, and her debut nove

l Zahrah the Windseeker won the prestigious Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature. Nnedi has also written comics for Marvel, including Black Panther: Long Live the King and Wakanda Forever (featuring the Dora Milaje) and the Shuri series. Her science fiction comic series LaGuardia (from Dark Horse) is a

n Eisner and Hugo Award winner, and her memoir, Broken Places & Outer Spaces, is a Locus Award nominee. Nnedi holds two MAs (literature and journalism) and a PhD (literature). Qiana J. Whitted is a professor of English and African American Studies at the University of South Carolina. She is the auth

or of the Eisner Award- inning book EC Comics: Race, Shock, and Social Protest and co-editor of the collection Comics and the U.S. South. She is also the ed­itor of Inks: The Journal of the Comics Studies Society and chair of the International Comic Arts Forum. Ben Saunders is a professor of English

at the University of Oregon. He is the author of Desiring Donne: Poetry, Sexuality, Interpretation and Do the Gods Wear Capes?: Spirituality, Fantasy, and Superheroes, as well as numerous critical essays on subjects ranging from the writings of Shakespeare to the recordings of Little Richard. He ha

s also curated sev­eral museum exhibitions of comics art, including the record-breaking multimedia touring show Marvel: Universe of Super Heroes-- retro­spective exploring the artistic and cultural impact of Marvel Comics from 1939 to the present.

探討臺北和科隆城市邊緣之循環食物系統設計

為了解決Define collaboration的問題，作者崔秀安 這樣論述：

2020年世界經濟論壇（World Economic Forum, WEF）發佈的一份報告強調，到了2050年由於人口增長，全球近95%的土地將被用於糧食生產，而其占全球溫室氣體8%的生產量。 近20億人無法獲得安全、營養和充足的食物， 而每年生產的食物中有近三分之一是被浪費的。在麥克亞瑟基金會（MacArthur Foundation）2019年《城市與食品循環經濟》（Cities and Circular Economy for Food）的報告中指出，如果都市根據循環經濟的原則採取行動，可減少生產過程中的浪費，都市對全球經濟的貢獻將可達到每年2.7萬億美元。 自2020年初以來，新冠病

毒在全世界肆虐，交通工具及人力的縮減，嚴重影響了全球食物供應鏈，但也增加人們對擴大城市邊緣地區農作物、牲畜和其他形式自然資源生產的興趣。基於循環經濟和服務設計的概念，本研究旨在針對城市邊緣地區提出一個新循環農食物系統平台。基此，本研究先透過10個案例 (台灣台北和德國科隆，各5個) 之城市邊緣地區農食物系統分析，再透過工作坊串連當地農民、介面設計師和消費者等人共同探索城市邊緣地區農食物之消費行為和體驗，且發掘服務缺口。然後，本研究提出三個循環農食物系統之服務設計原型，且進行利益關係人的深入訪談，以確認服務設計原型的可行性。 最後，針對台北和科隆兩城市邊緣地區，本研究提出一個新的循環農食物系統平

台有提供可傳遞新的循環農食物系統理念、方法、案例分享、食品原料交易及農民自主行銷等內容。期待，此一新循環農食物系統平台可以串連服務提供方和服務接收方，共同為現代城市邊緣農食物循環改善做出貢獻。